This is an example of a positive feedback in the system, and current understanding suggests that this factor alone more or less doubles the warming that occurs in response to increasing COMuch more problematic are clouds, which, regarding radiation, work both sides of the street. Massachusetts Climate Change Adaptation Report Massachusetts has been leading the nation in addressing ways to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, building a clean energy economy, and pro-actively preparing for the public health threats and challenges posed by a changing climate. This was when alligators roamed Greenland and sea levels were 230 feet higher than today. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are used in climate modeling and research to provide projections of how greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will change between now and 2100.
Select the button that answers the question. The cause of these cyclic swings in temperature and the associated growth and retreat of great continental ice sheets was proposed by several scientists, notably by the Serbian mathematician Milutin Milanković in 1912. 0000377075 00000 n 6265 0 obj <>stream This strategy is also used in running weather prediction models and has proved valuable in quantifying the uncertainty of weather forecasts.The other three RCPs assume some level of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and are useful for estimating how various mitigation strategies might ameliorate climate change.Unless humanity makes substantial changes in emissions or their capture, by the end of the century we could see CO 0000375872 00000 n In many ways, parameterizations are closer in spirit to economic modeling than to programming spacecraft.Thus climate and weather models are hybrids of strictly Weather models can be tested over and over again, every day, and thereby progressively refined. Clouds are now considered the main source of uncertainty in climate projections.To this problem we can add many other issues that reflect the immense, almost overwhelming complexity of the climate system. This evidence, together with our models, puts mathematical teeth on the idea of tipping points—sudden and largely unpredictable shifts in the climate state.
Select the button that answers the question. The Massachusetts Climate Change Projections - Statewide and for Major Drainage Basins: Temperature, Precipitation, and Sea Level Rise Projections project was developed by NE CASC with funding by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
State AGs wage formidable legal clout.
The word “model” means many different things to different people and in different contexts. 0000376313 00000 n In the early twentieth century, mathematician Milutin Milanković calculated (by hand) how the distribution of sunlight varies and speculated that variations in arctic sunlight caused the ice ages. We don’t know for sure whether our climate is an example of such a system, but there is evidence encoded in ice cores from Greenland that ice age climates can jump rather quickly from one state to another. The light passes through the air but is absorbed at the very top of the water, heating it. In most cases those cycles will continue long after we're gone. 0000374946 00000 n
0000089451 00000 n 0000005998 00000 n 0000004479 00000 n 0000377521 00000 n 0000375100 00000 n Climate change in Massachusetts will affect both urban and rural environments, including forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and coastal development. 0000007250 00000 n In the next 50 years, the model shows that melting at the present rate could contribute one to four inches to global sea level rise.
So, in contrast with weather forecasting, in climate modeling we have neither the history of success nor the confidence that comes with it. But climate evolves slowly, and so there are not that many climate states against which to test models. 0000358464 00000 n 0000006170 00000 n
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