Following Centaur staging and engine start, the number two (C-2) engine began to lose roll control. Atlas is a family of US missiles and space launch vehicles that originated with the SM-65 Atlas.The Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program was initiated in the late 1950s under the Convair Division of General Dynamics. The backup Intelsat was launched successfully on AC-35 the following May.Two years later on 29 September 1977, another attempted launch of an This accident was the culmination in the string of disasters that had befallen the US space program since the Titan 34D failure of August 1985 and caused significant reappraisals of weather guidelines at Cape Canaveral. The flight went awry around the two-minute mark. Postflight investigation traced the malfunction to a failure of the C-2 engine hydraulic gimbal actuator.The AC-4 flight was launched on 11 December 1964 at 14:24 GMT with a payload of 2993 kg (that carried a mass model of the Surveyor spacecraft). At T+53 seconds, the Centaur stage ruptured and disintegrated, taking the Atlas with it in a matter of seconds. At launch, all three engines would ignite. Investigation showed that the lanyard was not only inadequately designed, but it also was an off-the-shelf component designed for marine equipment and not rockets or aircraft. The launch rate of Atlases decreased in the 1980s due to the advent of the Atlas boosters were also used for the last four crewed Atlas saw the beginnings of its "workhorse" status during the An Atlas rocket is shown exploding in the penultimate shot of the 1983 art film Following retirement as an ICBM, the Atlas-E, along with the The last Atlas E/F spacecraft launch was conducted on 24 March 1995, using a rocket which had originally been built as an Atlas-E. In addition, von Braun now proposed the Saturn-Agena be ruled out for cost reasons – Saturn was much too expensive to justify as a launch vehicle for small uncrewed probes.
The Atlas-B missile was the first version to include both the jettison-able booster engines, and the sustainer engine. By 1962, the Air Force had considered the Atlas fully developed and operational and was against any further significant changes to it which might potentially jeopardize the ICBM program.
Bench testing confirmed that there were several possible ways that the valve would only open partially, although the exact reason was not determined. Atlas-B missile.
The first attempt at using an LH2/LOX-fueled engine was the Air Force's top-secret Convair developed a specially-enhanced version of the Atlas D vehicle for mating with Centaur stages; the Atlas was equipped with an uprated propulsion system, the MA-5, which had twin turbopumps on each booster engine, and the structure reinforced for the large upper stage, along with elongated fuel tanks. This was done for time and budget reasons and because it allowed the Centaur to be manufactured on the existing Atlas assembly line at Convair. Although Centaur appeared flight-ready, the With the retirement of the Agena stage in 1978, all Atlases flown from that point onward were paired with Centaurs except for a few military flights involving decommissioned Atlas E/F missiles.Originally designed and built by the Convair Division of General Dynamics in San Diego, California, production of Atlas-Centaur at Convair ended in 1995 but was resumed at Lockheed-Martin in Colorado. The engines were manufactured by Although originally under ARPA supervision, Centaur was transferred to NASA in July 1959, eleven months after the program's inception. It carried a payload of 4620.8 kg and instrumented with 907.2 kg of sensors, equipment, and telemetry.The AC-3 flight was launched on 30 June 1964 with a payload of 4815 kg. The last Atlas E/F launch to use a rocket which had originally been built as an Atlas-F was conducted on 23 June 1981.Atlas E/F was used to launch the Block I series of SLC 3E modified for Space Booster hold down system versus weapon system flyaway
Many were eventually converted to orbital launch vehicles after they were removed from service as missiles. It was unclear what had caused the failure at first, as tracking camera footage merely showed a large white cloud enveloping the booster followed by the explosion of the entire launch vehicle.
A constellation of ten satellites would provide round-the-clock instant communications for the three main branches of the US military. However, the Air Force retained overall supervision in part because they intended to use Centaur to launch a network of military communications satellites known as ADVENT. Insulation panel and payload shroud jettisons were tested for the first time.
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