Nevertheless, we not only know that dark matter exists from the astrophysical evidence, but we've definitively uncovered a large amount of information about what it is, how it behaves, and what it cannot be. 15) When we speak of the large-scale structure of the universe, we mean 17) What is the primary form of evidence that has led astronomers to conclude that the expansion of the universe is accelerating? point (blue), with one remaining degree of freedom. “Dark matter” is an effect of dark energy as explained below. Small, weak, and everywhere: Physicists categorise these under the broad description Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, or WIMPS. But there is simply a chance that we're wrong about how gravity works and what keeps big structures held together. On large scales, cold dark matter is necessary, and no alternative or substitute will do. Dark matter, by its very nature, is unseen. “Dark matter” does not. 10) When we say that a cluster of galaxies is acting as a gravitational lens, what do we mean? 25) Why can't the dark matter in galaxies be made of neutrinos? Evidence for Dark Matter; Evidence for dark matter in spiral galaxies In spiral galaxies like the Milky Way, we derive the gravitational mass from observing the motions of stars and gas clouds in the disk as they orbit the center.The rotation curve of a galaxy shows how the velocity of stars around the center varies as the distance from the center increases. 17) Imagine that it turns out that dark matter (not dark energy) is made up of an unstable form of matter that decays into photons or other forms of energy about 50 billion years from now. Here are a few possible explanations physicists are currently looking into for this strange form of matter. This can only be true, given the wide variety of colliding clusters where this has been demonstrated, if some new form of mass obeys different collisional laws than normal matter does. ADMX is the premiere experiment in the world dedicated to the search for axions as a potential dark matter candidate, motivated by a possible solution to the strong CP problem. 13) What do we mean when we say that particles such as neutrinos or WIMPs are weakly interacting?
I have won numerous awards for science writing since 2008 for my blog, Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. 14) Which of the following best sums up current scientific thinking about the nature of dark matter? So far, Rather than being made of a new kind of material, dark matter could simply be ordinary objects that act in extraordinary ways. If the potential then tilts in one direction, that degree of freedom gets removed, and an axion-like particle can all-of-a-sudden get mass from a transition like this.
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