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No surface fault trace has been found for the Port Hills fault. This model provides a simple interpretation of the observed ground displacement data that occurred in the 22 February and 13 June 2011 earthquakes, making the science behind the events understandable. Click Add Comment to share your knowledge and help enrich our collection. "Think of jumping on a trampoline. It is truncated on the west by the NNW-striking West Beverly Hills Lineament (WBHL), which marks a left step of 1.2 km between the Santa Monica fault and Hollywood fault (Dolan et al., 2000a). Can you add to our information about this item? To order a copy of this image please contact Canterbury Museum The Port Hills Fault that caused so much death and destruction in Christchurch on February 22 last year is a tiny feature compared with other faults in the central South Island. 2012.I.21
The closest that the rupture plane gets to the surface is at the eastern end below the Avon/Heathcote estuary where it is about 1-2 km deep, as is explained in this video by Jarg Pettinga, Head of Geological Sciences at U Canterbury: "Scientists also found that the Port Hills Fault had not needed a lot more "encouragement" to break and may only have been decades away from that.Using Coulomb failure stress (CFS), a measure of a fault's state and how close it might be to rupturing, they found stress on the Port Hills Fault increased by only a "modest" amount, less than 0.1 of a megapascal, after the September 4 quake.Fry said that suggested the fault was already highly stressed and close to failure before September.Unfortunately the prospect cannot be ruled out that more hidden faults below Canterbury will one day make themselves known. Images may be subject to copyright laws and are therefore not of reproduction quality.
In fact, scientists say it was a very strong fault, a consequence of which was the severity of the shaking it produced when it ruptured.Often touted before September 4, 2010 as a region with low seismicity, Canterbury has had more than its share of large earthquakes during the past 150 years.The Southern Alps are riddled with faults, including the Alpine Fault running along the western edge of the Main Divide and its subsidiaries, the longest of which fan out and cut through North Canterbury and Marlborough.The North Canterbury foothills are home to a number of faults, while faults are also in evidence offshore under Pegasus Bay and hidden beneath the Canterbury Plains and Banks Peninsula, as we now know only too well.The Alpine Fault marks the boundary between the Pacific Plate, which Canterbury sits on, and the Australian Plate.The Pacific Plate is being driven obliquely into the Australian Plate at the rate of between 35mm and 38mm a year.About 25mm a year of this convergence in central South Island is taken up by intermittent slip on the Alpine Fault during large earthquakes.The remainder causes distortion of the crust, stressing the network of faults throughout the South Island until they break, generating earthquakes.Calculations show that the Alpine Fault accommodates about 70 per cent of that plate boundary motion, releasing it in great earthquakes of around magnitude-8.0 on average once every 300 to 400 years.Most of the rest of that motion is soaked up on the larger regional faults and only a small amount of strain, perhaps less than five per cent, is harboured on the recently discovered faults around Christchurch.Local scientists have warned for some years of the likelihood of hidden, "blind thrust", faults below the gravels and sands of the Canterbury Plains.The September quake, a complicated event consisting of at least three or four quakes generated almost simultaneously by as many separate faults, revealed where some of those concealed structures are.There were other unknown hidden faults too below the volcanic rocks of the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula the February 22 fault among them which sparked into life after September.GNS Science seismologist Martin Reyners said these faults were formed about 12 million years ago, when the Lyttelton volcano punched up through the basement greywacke rocks and forced cracks into them.Retired Canterbury University active tectonics expert Jocelyn Campbell said many of Canterbury's hidden faults were "basically all pointing at one place - Christchurch".
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