Furthermore, it will be important to clarify the precise relationship between construction and episodic memory and establish whether the hippocampus plays a similar role in mediating both of these functions.Five patients (all male, one left-handed) each with primary damage to the hippocampi bilaterally and concomitant amnesia took part. The hippocampus, therefore, may make a critical contribution to the creation of new experiences by providing the spatial context into which the disparate elements of an experience can be bound.
The recently-developed WaveNet architecture [27] is the current state of the art in realistic speech synthesis, consistently rated as more natural sounding for many different languages than any previous system. We found, however, that healthy pilot subjects effectively adopted a first-person perspective in any case.
Vertical bars represent group means.In the first instance, we wondered whether the impairment might be because patients found the task more difficult than the control subjects.
Representative excerpts from transcriptions relating to two of the scenarios, with the cue at the top, followed by an excerpt from a patient's transcription, followed by that of a control subject who was age-, education-, and IQ-matched to that patient. The mean age of the control subjects was 52.2 years (SD 16.9, range 25–76), years of education was 14.1 years (SD 2.8, range 11–17), and verbal IQ was 104.3 (SD 6.3, range 94–112). Testing sessions were digitally recorded to enable transcription and later scoring of participants' responses. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Artificial Intelligence: Chess match of the century." performed research; D.H. and E.A.M. ... Benigno Uría Google DeepMind Verified email at google.com. Nikolaus Weiskopf Director, Department of Neurophysics, ... Demis Hassabis. Follow. The entity category was a simple count of how many distinct entities (e.g., objects, people, animals) were mentioned (e.g., “I can see some birds”).
Of course, this does not rule out the possibility there could be an effect of a different perspective provided a first-person perspective could be definitely excluded. We tested whether a group of amnesic patients with primary damage to the hippocampus bilaterally could construct new imagined experiences in response to short verbal cues that outlined a range of simple commonplace scenarios. Our current task was optimized to examine spatial deficits within the more general context of rich experiencing. Follow. However, patients had access to a reminder cue during each trial, and the examiner verified throughout that they had not forgotten the task, the instructions, or their own constructions. There was no significant difference between patients and controls in perceived sense of presence [patient mean 3.46 (1.15), controls 3.65 (0.49), We therefore next considered another factor fundamental to episodic experiences, namely the extent to which the patients felt like the imagined experiences were taking place in an integrated and coherent spatial context as opposed to merely being a fragmented collection of images.The spatial coherence index is a measure of the contiguousness and spatial integrity of the imagined scene.
Full details of scoring system are provided in The two groups (patients and controls) were compared by using two-tailed independent We thank the patients and their families for giving of their time so generously; Brian Levine for information about the autobiographical interview; John Welch for details of P03's retrograde memory; Dennis Chan for similar details about P04; Jason Warren and the Dementia Research Centre at the Institute of Neurology, Tim Griffiths and the Cognitive Neurology Clinic at Newcastle General Hospital (Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.), John Aggleton at the School of Psychology, Cardiff University, and Geoffrey Schott at the National Hospital (London) for patient referrals; and Peter Aston, Katherine Woollett, Hugo Spiers, and Neil Burgess for assistance and helpful discussions.
Google - Cited by 1,215 - Artificial Intelligence - Machine Learning The following articles are merged in Scholar.
Commonplace, ordinary settings were chosen as scenarios to minimize the difficulty level and to be as independent from a participant's innate creative ability as possible.
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